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This proposed mechanism has been directly validated in animal models where the surgically severed vagus nerve attenuated anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice after oral antibiotic administration, providing direct evidence for neuropsychiatric effects induced by antibiotics through the gutbrain axis (Joo et al., 2023)

Bauer reaches a similar conclusion

[566] when they had six endurance-trained subjects hyperhydrate with glycerol or water 2 h before a prolonged (2 h) bout of cycling at 65% VO 2 max in hot conditions (26-27 C) followed two-minute intervals at 80% VO 2 max and concluded that glycerol hyperhydration significantly improved performance

The following sections detail how this axis interacts with and can be leveraged to enhance chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy

198 TakeuchiT.DuszkiewiczA

Silveira EA, Siman FDM, de Oliveira Faria T, Vescovi MVA, Furieri LB, Lizardo JHF, Stefanon I, Padilha AS, Vassallo DV (2014) Low-dose chronic lead exposure increases systolic arterial pressure and vascular reactivity of rat aortas